Al-Mutlq, B.B.A.M. 2022. The Political Role of Judges in Makkah during the Era of the Circassian Mamluke State (784-923 AH / 1383-1517 AD). Journal of Arts. 1, 23 (Jun. 2022), 502–521. DOI:https://doi.org/10.35696/.v1i23.854.