/* ==========================================================================
   najm almansoub privete 2.0 · Professional Scholarly Journal Design
   Exclusively applies to internal journal pages (.najm_journal_site)
   Preserves external site homepage (.page_index_site) entirely.
   ========================================================================== */

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   0. Global Typography & Base Variables
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.najm_journal_site {
    --nj-ink: #0f2438;
    --nj-muted: #536476;
    --nj-line: #e2e8f0;
    --nj-line-light: #edf2f7;
    --nj-canvas: #f8fafc;
    --nj-card-bg: #ffffff;
    --nj-shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(15, 36, 56, 0.06);
    --nj-shadow: 0 4px 18px rgba(15, 36, 56, 0.07);
    --nj-shadow-lg: 0 10px 30px rgba(15, 36, 56, 0.10);
    --nj-radius-sm: 6px;
    --nj-radius: 10px;
    --nj-radius-lg: 16px;

    background-color: var(--nj-canvas);
    color: var(--nj-ink);
    font-family: 'Cairo', 'Inter', 'Segoe UI', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.8;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

[dir="ltr"] .najm_journal_site {
    font-family: 'Inter', 'Segoe UI', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, sans-serif;
}

.najm_journal_site * {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

.najm_journal_site a {
    color: var(--md-link, var(--md-primary, #165d81));
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.18s ease, background 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease;
}

.najm_journal_site a:hover {
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Accessible focus states */
.najm_journal_site :is(a, button, input, select, textarea):focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--md-link, #165d81);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1. Masthead & Site Header
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_head {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_masthead {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 24px;
    min-height: 96px;
    padding: 16px 32px;
    max-width: 1360px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_site_name {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 18px;
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_site_name .is_img img {
    max-height: 68px;
    width: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_site_name .is_text {
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
    line-height: 1.45;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

/* Search Bar */
.najm_journal_site .najm_header_search {
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
    height: 42px;
    width: 290px;
    max-width: 100%;
    background: #f1f5f9;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: 24px;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: border-color 0.2s, background 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_header_search:focus-within {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(22, 93, 129, 0.12);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_header_search input[type="search"] {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 8px 16px;
    border: none;
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
    font-size: 13px;
    outline: none;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_header_search button {
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    width: 44px;
    border: none;
    background: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 14px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.2s;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_header_search button:hover {
    filter: brightness(1.1);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   2. Main Navigation Menu
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.najm_journal_site .pkp_site_nav_menu {
    background: var(--nj-nav, var(--md-primary, #165d81));
    color: var(--nj-nav-ink, #ffffff);
    padding: 0 32px;
    box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(15, 36, 56, 0.08);
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_user > li > a {
    padding: 13px 16px;
    color: var(--nj-nav-ink, #ffffff);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
    border-radius: 0;
    transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s;
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:hover,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:focus,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_user > li > a:hover,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_user > li > a:focus {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* Dropdown menus */
.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_primary ul,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_user ul {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-lg);
    padding: 6px;
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_primary ul a,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_user ul a {
    color: var(--nj-ink);
    padding: 8px 14px;
    font-size: 13px;
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius-sm);
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_primary ul a:hover,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_primary ul a:focus,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_user ul a:hover,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_user ul a:focus {
    background: #f1f5f9;
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   3. Main Content Container Scaffolding (International Framed Layout)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.pkp_structure_page.najm_journal_site {
    background-color: var(--nj-canvas, #f1f5f9) !important;
}

.pkp_structure_page.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_content,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_content {
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: row !important;
    align-items: flex-start !important;
    gap: 36px !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 1320px !important;
    margin: 32px auto 64px auto !important;
    padding: 0 32px !important;
    box-sizing: border-box !important;
}

.pkp_structure_page.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_content::before,
.pkp_structure_page.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_content::after,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_content::before,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_content::after,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_main::before,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_main::after {
    display: none !important;
    content: none !important;
}

.pkp_structure_page.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_main,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_main {
    flex: 1 1 0% !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
    width: auto !important;
    max-width: none !important;
    float: none !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    border: none !important;
}

.pkp_structure_page.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_sidebar,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_sidebar {
    flex: 0 0 320px !important;
    width: 320px !important;
    min-width: 320px !important;
    max-width: 320px !important;
    float: none !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 12px !important;
}

/* Keep one source of spacing between sidebar cards instead of adding margins. */
.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_sidebar > .pkp_block {
    margin: 0 !important;
}
.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_sidebar > .pkp_block > .title:not(.pkp_screen_reader) {
    padding: 12px 16px !important;
    border-inline-start: 3px solid var(--md-primary);
}
.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_sidebar > .pkp_block:not(.block_make_submission) > .content {
    padding: 14px 16px !important;
}
.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_sidebar > .pkp_block .content li {
    padding-block: 4px !important;
}
.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_sidebar .block_make_submission_link {
    padding: 14px 16px !important;
}

@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .pkp_structure_page.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_content,
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_content {
        flex-direction: column !important;
        padding: 0 16px !important;
        margin: 20px auto 40px auto !important;
        gap: 24px !important;
    }

    .pkp_structure_page.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_sidebar,
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_sidebar {
        flex: 1 1 auto !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        max-width: none !important;
    }
}

/* Breadcrumbs */
.najm_journal_site .cmp_breadcrumbs {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 10px 16px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius);
    font-size: 12.5px;
    color: var(--nj-muted);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm);
}

.najm_journal_site .cmp_breadcrumbs ol {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 6px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
}

.najm_journal_site .cmp_breadcrumbs li + li::before {
    content: '/';
    margin-inline: 4px;
    color: #94a3b8;
}

[dir="rtl"] .najm_journal_site .cmp_breadcrumbs li + li::before {
    content: '‹';
}

.najm_journal_site .cmp_breadcrumbs a {
    color: var(--nj-muted);
}

.najm_journal_site .cmp_breadcrumbs a:hover {
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
}

.najm_journal_site .cmp_breadcrumbs .current {
    color: var(--nj-ink);
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   4. FULL-WIDTH JOURNAL IDENTITY HERO BANNER (Requirement 3)
   - Zero 50/50 split. Background image spans 100% of the box.
   - Journal name and crest overlaid on top with high-contrast scrim.
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.najm_journal_site .najm_journal_identity {
    position: relative;
    isolation: isolate;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 310px;
    margin: 0 0 24px;
    padding: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius-lg);
    background: var(--nj-banner, #0f2438);
    color: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-lg);
}

/* Full-bleed background photo */
.najm_journal_site .najm_identity_image {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    z-index: 1;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_identity_image img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    max-width: none;
    max-height: none;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center;
}

/* High-contrast multi-stop gradient scrim */
.najm_journal_site .najm_identity_overlay {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    z-index: 2;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(10, 24, 38, 0.45) 0%, rgba(10, 24, 38, 0.72) 45%, rgba(6, 16, 26, 0.95) 100%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

[dir="rtl"] .najm_journal_site .najm_identity_overlay {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(6, 16, 26, 0.4) 0%, rgba(6, 16, 26, 0.85) 60%, rgba(6, 16, 26, 0.98) 100%),
                linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 0%, rgba(6, 16, 26, 0.8) 100%);
}

[dir="ltr"] .najm_journal_site .najm_identity_overlay {
    background: linear-gradient(270deg, rgba(6, 16, 26, 0.4) 0%, rgba(6, 16, 26, 0.85) 60%, rgba(6, 16, 26, 0.98) 100%),
                linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 0%, rgba(6, 16, 26, 0.8) 100%);
}

/* Content overlaid directly over photo */
.najm_journal_site .najm_identity_copy {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 3;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 32px 36px;
}

/* Institutional and badge strip */
.najm_journal_site .najm_identity_institution {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px 12px;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_identity_institution span {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 11.5px;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_inst_badge {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
    color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_inst_peer {
    background: rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.2);
    color: #86efac;
    border: 1px solid rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.35);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_inst_oa {
    background: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.2);
    color: #fde68a;
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.35);
}

/* Logo and Titles Row */
.najm_journal_site .najm_identity_main_row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 22px;
    width: 100%;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_identity_logo_badge {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    width: 86px;
    height: 86px;
    padding: 8px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 14px;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_identity_logo_badge img {
    max-width: 100%;
    max-height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_identity_titles {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_journal_name {
    margin: 0 0 10px;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: clamp(23px, 3.2vw, 36px);
    font-weight: 750;
    line-height: 1.4;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_identity_meta {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_issn_pill {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 4px 12px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
    border-radius: 6px;
    color: #e2e8f0;
    font-size: 12px;
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_issn_pill strong {
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   5. Journal Navigation Tabs Toolbar
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.najm_journal_site .najm_journal_toolbar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 6px;
    margin: 0 0 24px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_journal_tabs {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 6px;
    width: auto;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_journal_links {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    width: 100%;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_tab_item {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 10px 18px;
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius-sm);
    color: var(--nj-muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.18s, color 0.18s, box-shadow 0.18s;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_tab_item:hover {
    color: var(--nj-ink);
    background: #f1f5f9;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_tab_item.active,
.najm_journal_site .najm_tab_item[aria-selected="true"],
.najm_journal_site .najm_tab_item[aria-current="page"] {
    background: var(--nj-selected, var(--md-primary, #165d81));
    color: var(--nj-selected-ink, #ffffff);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(22, 93, 129, 0.25);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_tab_item.active i,
.najm_journal_site .najm_tab_item[aria-selected="true"] i,
.najm_journal_site .najm_tab_item[aria-current="page"] i {
    color: var(--nj-selected-ink, #ffffff);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   6. About Journal & Announcements Panels
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.najm_journal_site .najm_about_panel {
    padding: 28px 32px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_panel_title_bar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
    padding-bottom: 14px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #f1f5f9;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_panel_title_bar h2 {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_panel_title_bar h2 i {
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_about_excerpt {
    font-size: 14.5px;
    line-height: 2;
    color: #334155;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_about_actions {
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_btn_outline {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 8px 18px;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius-sm);
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    background: transparent;
    transition: background 0.18s, color 0.18s;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_btn_outline:hover {
    background: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   7. Current Issue & TOC Styles
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.najm_journal_site .najm_section_header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 14px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    padding: 16px 20px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_section_title_group {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_section_badge {
    padding: 4px 12px;
    background: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.najm_journal_site .current_issue_title {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 19px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_all_issues_link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 7px 14px;
    background: #f1f5f9;
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius-sm);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--md-link, var(--md-primary, #165d81));
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_all_issues_link:hover {
    background: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* Issue Header Card (on current issue page) */
.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_header_card {
    padding: 24px;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_card_body {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 24px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_cover {
    flex: 0 0 140px;
    width: 140px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_cover img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius-sm);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_info {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_badge_row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_badge_issue {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 3px 10px;
    background: #e0f2fe;
    color: #0369a1;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 11.5px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_badge_date {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--nj-muted);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_title {
    margin: 0 0 10px;
    font-size: 24px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_description {
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.85;
    color: #475569;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_doi {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    font-size: 12.5px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_doi_label {
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--nj-muted);
}

/* Full Issue Download Button */
.najm_journal_site .najm_full_issue_galleys {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-top: 14px;
    padding-top: 14px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_full_issue_label {
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
}

/* Section Header in Issue TOC */
.najm_journal_site .najm_toc_section {
    margin-bottom: 28px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_section_heading_bar {
    margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_section_title {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 16.5px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_sec_bar {
    width: 4px;
    height: 18px;
    background: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_sec_count {
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--nj-muted);
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   8. Scholarly Article Card (.najm_article_card)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.najm_journal_site .najm_article_list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 14px;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    list-style: none;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_article_item {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

body .najm_journal_site .obj_article_summary.najm_article_card {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 20px;
    padding: 22px 26px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-inline-start: 4px solid transparent;
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm);
    transition: transform 0.18s ease, border-inline-start-color 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease;
}

body .najm_journal_site .obj_article_summary.najm_article_card:hover {
    border-inline-start-color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_card_content {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_card_title {
    margin: 0 0 10px;
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 650;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_card_title a {
    color: var(--nj-ink);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_card_title a:hover {
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_card_meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 8px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_card_authors {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 13px;
    color: #475569;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_card_authors i {
    color: #94a3b8;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_card_badges {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_meta_pill {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
    padding: 2px 9px;
    background: #f1f5f9;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 11.5px;
    color: #64748b;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_meta_pill i {
    color: #94a3b8;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_meta_pill.najm_doi a {
    color: var(--md-link, var(--md-primary, #165d81));
}

/* Galley Download button in card */
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_galleys {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
}

.najm_journal_site .obj_galley_link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 8px 18px;
    background: #f8fafc;
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    border: 1.5px solid #cbd5e1;
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius-sm);
    font-size: 12.5px;
    font-weight: 650;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    transition: all 0.2s;
}

.najm_journal_site .obj_galley_link::before {
    content: '\f1c1';
    font-family: 'FontAwesome';
    font-size: 14px;
}

.najm_journal_site .obj_galley_link:hover,
.najm_journal_site .obj_galley_link:focus {
    background: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    color: #ffffff;
    border-color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(22, 93, 129, 0.25);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   9. ARTICLE DETAILS PAGE (Requirement 4)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.najm_journal_site .najm_article_page {
    width: 100%;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_article_header_card {
    padding: 32px 36px;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_article_section_row {
    margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_section_pill {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 4px 12px;
    background: rgba(22, 93, 129, 0.09);
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    font-size: 12.5px;
    font-weight: 700;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_article_main_title {
    margin: 0 0 16px;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
    font-size: clamp(23px, 2.6vw, 33px);
    font-weight: 750;
    line-height: 1.45;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_article_subtitle {
    margin: -6px 0 16px;
    color: #475569;
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Authors List */
.najm_journal_site .najm_authors_section {
    margin: 20px 0;
    padding: 16px 20px;
    background: #f8fafc;
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius);
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line-light);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_authors_list {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px 18px;
    margin: 0 0 10px;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_author_item {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_author_name {
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 650;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_affil_sup {
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    top: -0.4em;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_orcid_link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    line-height: 1;
    margin-inline-start: 2px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_orcid_icon {
    display: block;
}

/* Affiliations enumeration */
.najm_journal_site .najm_affiliations_list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 4px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
    font-size: 12.5px;
    color: #64748b;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_affil_item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    gap: 6px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_affil_num {
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
}

/* Article Key Metadata Bar */
.najm_journal_site .najm_article_meta_bar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px 20px;
    padding: 14px 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    margin: 20px 0;
    font-size: 13px;
    color: #475569;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_meta_bar_item {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 7px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_meta_bar_item i {
    color: #94a3b8;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_doi_tag {
    font-weight: 750;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_doi_link {
    color: var(--md-link, var(--md-primary, #165d81));
    font-weight: 600;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_copy_btn {
    display: inline-grid;
    place-items: center;
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    padding: 0;
    background: #f1f5f9;
    border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
    border-radius: 4px;
    color: #475569;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_copy_btn:hover {
    background: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    color: #ffffff;
    border-color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_copied_success {
    background: #dcfce7 !important;
    border-color: #22c55e !important;
    color: #16a34a !important;
}

/* Action Bar with Primary PDF Download */
.najm_journal_site .najm_article_actions_bar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 16px;
    padding-top: 6px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_downloads_group {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_primary_galley_btn .obj_galley_link {
    padding: 12px 28px;
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 700;
    background: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    color: #ffffff;
    border-color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(22, 93, 129, 0.3);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_primary_galley_btn .obj_galley_link:hover {
    filter: brightness(1.12);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(22, 93, 129, 0.4);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   10. Article Layout Grid (Main Reading + Aside)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.najm_journal_site .najm_article_layout_grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 32px;
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
    .najm_journal_site .najm_article_layout_grid {
        grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px;
    }
}

/* Content Cards in Main Column */
.najm_journal_site .najm_content_card {
    padding: 28px 32px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_card_title_bar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    padding-bottom: 12px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #f8fafc;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_card_title_bar :is(h2, h3) {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 9px;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_card_title_bar :is(h2, h3) i {
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_abstract_prose {
    font-size: 15.5px;
    line-height: 2;
    color: #1e293b;
    text-align: justify;
}

/* Keywords tag cloud */
.najm_journal_site .najm_keywords_cloud {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_keyword_chip {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 5px 14px;
    background: #f1f5f9;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 13px;
    color: #334155;
    transition: all 0.2s;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_keyword_chip i {
    font-size: 11px;
    color: #94a3b8;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_keyword_chip:hover {
    background: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    color: #ffffff;
    border-color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_keyword_chip:hover i {
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* References List */
.najm_journal_site .najm_references_list {
    margin: 0;
    padding-inline-start: 24px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 14px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_ref_item {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.85;
    color: #334155;
    padding-inline-start: 4px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_ref_text a {
    word-break: break-all;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* CitationStyleLanguage Plugin styling enhancements */
.najm_journal_site .citation_format {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius);
    padding: 24px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm);
}

.najm_journal_site .csl-bib-body {
    padding: 16px;
    background: #f8fafc;
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius-sm);
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line-light);
    margin: 14px 0;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.8;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   11. Sidebar Cards in Article View
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.najm_journal_site .najm_side_card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm);
    margin-bottom: 22px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_side_card_header {
    padding: 14px 18px;
    background: #f8fafc;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_side_card_header :is(h2,h3,h4) {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_side_card_header :is(h2,h3,h4) i {
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_side_card_body {
    padding: 18px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_side_issue_cover {
    margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_side_issue_cover img {
    width: 100%;
    max-height: 180px;
    object-fit: contain;
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius-sm);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_side_issue_title {
    display: block;
    font-size: 14.5px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_side_section_name {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 12.5px;
    color: var(--nj-muted);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_side_card_footer {
    padding: 12px 18px;
    background: #f8fafc;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_side_toc_link {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 650;
    color: var(--md-link, var(--md-primary, #165d81));
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_copyright_statement {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 12.5px;
    color: #475569;
    margin: 8px 0 0;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   12. Issue Archive Grid
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
    padding: 16px 20px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_title {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 21px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_title i {
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_total_badge {
    padding: 4px 12px;
    background: #f1f5f9;
    color: var(--nj-muted);
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 12.5px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_issues_grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr));
    gap: 24px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_grid_item {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    height: 100%;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius);
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm);
    transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_card_cover {
    background: #f8fafc;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    text-align: center;
    padding: 16px;
    min-height: 180px;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_card_cover img {
    max-height: 170px;
    width: auto;
    border-radius: 4px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_cover_fallback {
    color: var(--nj-muted);
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_cover_icon_box {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_cover_icon_box i {
    font-size: 40px;
    color: #cbd5e1;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_card_body {
    padding: 20px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    flex: 1;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_card_title {
    margin: 0 0 10px;
    font-size: 16.5px;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_card_title a {
    color: var(--nj-ink);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_card_title a:hover {
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_date {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--nj-muted);
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_desc {
    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: #475569;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    flex: 1;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_btn_view_issue {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 9px 16px;
    background: #f1f5f9;
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius-sm);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 650;
    transition: all 0.2s;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_btn_view_issue:hover {
    background: var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   13. Sidebar Blocks System & Keyword Cloud (International Standard)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block {
    margin-bottom: 22px !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    background: #ffffff !important;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line) !important;
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius) !important;
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm) !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease !important;
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_block:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow) !important;
}

/* Sidebar block title */
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block > .title,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block h2,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block h3 {
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 15px 20px !important;
    background: #f8fafc !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7 !important;
    color: #0f172a !important;
    font-size: 14px !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    letter-spacing: 0.01em !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: space-between !important;
}

/* Hide default ugly +/- toggle */
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block .toggle,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block button[class*="toggle"]:not(.najm_block_toggle) {
    display: none !important;
}

/* Sidebar block content */
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block .content {
    padding: 18px 20px !important;
    color: #475569 !important;
    font-size: 13px !important;
    line-height: 1.7 !important;
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_block .content ul {
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    list-style: none !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 6px !important;
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_block .content li {
    padding: 6px 0 !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9 !important;
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_block .content li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none !important;
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_block .content a {
    color: #334155 !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    transition: color 0.15s ease !important;
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_block .content a:hover {
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81) !important;
}

/* KEYWORDS BLOCK (الكلمات الرئيسية في المربعات الجانبية) */
.najm_journal_site .block_keyword_cloud,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block.block_keyword_cloud,
.najm_journal_site [class*="keyword_cloud"] {
    overflow: hidden !important;
}

.najm_journal_site .block_keyword_cloud .content,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block.block_keyword_cloud .content,
.najm_journal_site [class*="keyword_cloud"] .content {
    padding: 16px 18px !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-wrap: wrap !important;
    gap: 8px !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: flex-start !important;
}

/* Keyword cloud links transformed into stylish tags/chips */
.najm_journal_site .block_keyword_cloud a,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block.block_keyword_cloud a,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block ul.keywords a,
.najm_journal_site [class*="keyword_cloud"] a {
    display: inline-flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    padding: 6px 12px !important;
    background: #f1f5f9 !important;
    color: var(--md-primary, #165d81) !important;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0 !important;
    border-radius: 20px !important;
    font-size: 12px !important;
    font-weight: 600 !important;
    line-height: 1.4 !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    transition: all 0.2s ease !important;
}

.najm_journal_site .block_keyword_cloud a:hover,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block.block_keyword_cloud a:hover,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block ul.keywords a:hover {
    background: var(--md-primary, #165d81) !important;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    border-color: var(--md-primary, #165d81) !important;
    transform: translateY(-1px) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(22, 93, 129, 0.25) !important;
}

/* In case keyword cloud is rendered by canvas/flash/svg/img */
.najm_journal_site .block_keyword_cloud canvas,
.najm_journal_site .block_keyword_cloud svg,
.najm_journal_site .block_keyword_cloud img {
    max-width: 100% !important;
    height: auto !important;
    display: block !important;
    margin: 4px auto !important;
    border-radius: 6px !important;
}

/* Custom Indexing Logos & Badges in Sidebar (DOAJ, EBSCO, Scopus, ROAD, etc.) */
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block.block_custom .content,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block .content:has(img) {
    padding: 16px !important;
    text-align: center !important;
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_block.block_custom img,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block .content img {
    max-width: 100% !important;
    height: auto !important;
    border-radius: 6px !important;
    display: block !important;
    margin: 8px auto !important;
    border: 1px solid #edf2f7 !important;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease !important;
}

.najm_journal_site .pkp_block.block_custom a:hover img,
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block .content a:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.02) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08) !important;
}

/* Language, Browse, Information clean list items */
.najm_journal_site .block_language li a,
.najm_journal_site .block_browse li a,
.najm_journal_site .block_information li a {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: space-between !important;
    padding: 8px 12px !important;
    border-radius: 6px !important;
    color: #334155 !important;
    background: #f8fafc !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
    transition: all 0.15s ease !important;
}

.najm_journal_site .block_language li a:hover,
.najm_journal_site .block_browse li a:hover,
.najm_journal_site .block_information li a:hover {
    background: #e0f2fe !important;
    color: #0369a1 !important;
}

/* Standout "Make a Submission" Card */
.najm_journal_site .block_make_submission {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--md-primary, #165d81) 0%, var(--nj-banner, #0f2438) 100%) !important;
    border: none !important;
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow) !important;
}

.najm_journal_site .block_make_submission .content {
    padding: 0 !important;
}

.najm_journal_site .block_make_submission_link {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    gap: 10px !important;
    padding: 18px 20px !important;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    font-size: 14.5px !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    transition: background 0.2s, transform 0.2s !important;
}

.najm_journal_site .block_make_submission_link::before {
    content: '\f093';
    font-family: 'FontAwesome';
    font-size: 16px;
}

.najm_journal_site .block_make_submission_link:hover {
    filter: brightness(1.15) !important;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   14. Institutional Scholarly Footer
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.najm_journal_site .najm_footer {
    background: var(--nj-footer, #0a1926);
    color: #cbd5e1;
    border-top: 3px solid var(--md-primary, #165d81);
    margin-top: 48px;
    padding: 48px 32px 24px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_inner {
    max-width: 1360px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 36px;
    padding-bottom: 36px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .najm_journal_site .najm_footer_grid {
        grid-template-columns: 2fr 1.2fr 1.8fr;
    }
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_logo {
    margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_logo img {
    max-height: 56px;
    width: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_journal_name {
    margin: 0 0 8px;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_publisher {
    margin: 0 0 12px;
    color: #94a3b8;
    font-size: 13px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_issn_row {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px;
    font-size: 12px;
    color: #cbd5e1;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_issn_row strong {
    color: #ffffff;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_heading {
    margin: 0 0 16px;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_menu {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_menu a {
    color: #cbd5e1;
    font-size: 13px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    transition: color 0.18s;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_menu a:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_oa_text {
    font-size: 12.5px;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: #94a3b8;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_oa_text i {
    color: #f59e0b;
    margin-inline-end: 4px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_ojs_badge img {
    max-height: 38px;
    opacity: 0.8;
    transition: opacity 0.2s;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_ojs_badge img:hover {
    opacity: 1;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_bottom_bar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 14px;
    padding-top: 24px;
    font-size: 12px;
    color: #64748b;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_system_links {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_system_links a {
    color: #94a3b8;
}

.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_system_links a:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   15. Bidirectional (RTL / LTR) Refinements
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
[dir="rtl"] .najm_journal_site .najm_footer_menu a i {
    transform: rotate(0deg);
}

[dir="ltr"] .najm_journal_site .najm_footer_menu a i {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

[dir="rtl"] .najm_journal_site .fa-arrow-circle-right::before {
    content: '\f0a8'; /* fa-arrow-circle-left */
}

[dir="rtl"] .najm_journal_site .fa-chevron-circle-right::before {
    content: '\f137'; /* fa-chevron-circle-left */
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   16. Responsive Layouts & Breakpoints
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .najm_journal_site .najm_masthead {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 14px;
        padding: 16px 20px;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_header_search {
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_site_nav_menu {
        padding: 0 16px;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_content {
        padding: 0 12px !important;
        margin: 16px auto 40px auto !important;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_journal_identity {
        min-height: 260px;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_identity_copy {
        padding: 24px 20px;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_identity_main_row {
        gap: 14px;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_identity_logo_badge {
        width: 68px;
        height: 68px;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_article_header_card {
        padding: 22px 20px;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_content_card {
        padding: 20px;
    }
    
    body .najm_journal_site .obj_article_summary.najm_article_card {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 16px;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_card_galleys {
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_card_galleys .obj_galley_link {
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 540px) {
    .najm_journal_site .najm_journal_identity {
        min-height: 230px;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_identity_main_row {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_identity_logo_badge {
        width: 60px;
        height: 60px;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_journal_toolbar {
        padding: 4px;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_tab_item {
        padding: 8px 12px;
        font-size: 12px;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_issue_card_body {
        flex-direction: column;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_issue_cover {
        width: 100%;
        text-align: center;
    }
    
    .najm_journal_site .najm_issue_cover img {
        max-height: 220px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }
}

/* Review fixes: native controls, journal identity and plugin compatibility. */
.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:is(:hover,:focus),
.najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_user > li > a:is(:hover,:focus) { color: var(--nj-nav-ink); }
.najm_journal_site .najm_header_search button,
.najm_journal_site .najm_copy_btn:hover,
.najm_journal_site .najm_primary_galley_btn .obj_galley_link,
.najm_journal_site .najm_btn_view_issue:hover { color: var(--md-primary-ink); }
.najm_journal_site .najm_journal_identity:not(.najm_identity_has_photo) { min-height: 220px; justify-content: center; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_journal_identity { color: var(--nj-banner-ink); }
[dir] .najm_journal_site .najm_identity_overlay {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--nj-banner-top), var(--nj-banner-deep));
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_journal_name,
.najm_journal_site .najm_issn_pill,
.najm_journal_site .najm_issn_pill strong,
.najm_journal_site .najm_inst_badge { color: var(--nj-banner-ink); text-shadow: none; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_issn_pill,
.najm_journal_site .najm_inst_badge { background: var(--nj-banner-chip); border-color: var(--nj-banner-rule); }
.najm_journal_site .najm_footer,
.najm_journal_site .najm_footer :is(h3,h4,p,strong,a,.najm_footer_issn_row,.najm_footer_bottom_bar) { color: var(--nj-footer-ink); }
.najm_journal_site .najm_footer a:hover { color: var(--nj-footer-ink); text-decoration: underline; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_footer_grid { border-bottom-color: currentColor; }
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block .najm_block_toggle {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 12px;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0;
    color: inherit;
    background: transparent;
    border: 0;
    font: inherit;
    text-align: start;
    cursor: pointer;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_block_toggle::after { content: '+'; font: 20px/1 sans-serif; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_block_toggle[aria-expanded="true"]::after { content: '−'; }
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block .content[hidden],
.najm_journal_site [role="tabpanel"][hidden] { display: none !important; }
.najm_journal_site .pkp_block .content .block_make_submission_link {
    background: var(--md-accent);
    color: var(--md-accent-ink) !important;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_galleys > .galleys_links:empty { display: none; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_desc { height: auto !important; overflow: visible !important; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_card_body { min-width: 0; }
.najm_journal_site .obj_article_details .najm_article_content_col,
.najm_journal_site .obj_article_details .najm_article_sidebar_col {
    width: auto; min-width: 0; float: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; background: transparent;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_article_sidebar_col { display: block; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_restored_details > .item,
.najm_journal_site .najm_article_plugins_hook > .item {
    padding: 22px;
    margin: 0 0 24px;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius);
    background: white;
    color: var(--nj-ink);
    box-shadow: var(--nj-shadow-sm);
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_restored_details .label,
.najm_journal_site .najm_article_plugins_hook h2 { font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--nj-ink); margin: 0 0 12px; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_restored_details .sub_item + .sub_item { margin-top: 18px; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_restored_details .authors { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_restored_details .copyright p { color: var(--nj-ink); }
.najm_journal_site .najm_restored_details .usageStatsGraph { max-width: 100%; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_author_item { flex-wrap: wrap; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_orcid_link { max-width: 100%; height: auto; font-size: 11px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_article_meta_bar a,
.najm_journal_site .najm_ref_text { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_title_bar i,
.najm_journal_site .najm_affil_num { color: var(--md-link); }
@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_site_nav_toggle { color: var(--nj-ink); border-color: var(--nj-line); }
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_site_nav_toggle > span { border-color: var(--nj-ink); }
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_site_nav_toggle > span::before,
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_site_nav_toggle > span::after { background: var(--nj-ink); }
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_primary ul,
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_user ul { background: var(--nj-nav); }
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_primary ul a,
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_navigation_user ul a { color: var(--nj-nav-ink); }
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_main { width: 100% !important; flex: 1 1 auto !important; }
}
@media (max-width: 540px) {
    .najm_journal_site .najm_journal_identity:not(.najm_identity_has_photo) { min-height: 0; }
    .najm_journal_site .najm_identity_main_row { flex-direction: row; align-items: center; }
    .najm_journal_site .najm_identity_main_row { gap: 12px; }
    .najm_journal_site .najm_journal_name { font-size: 23px; }
    .najm_journal_site .najm_identity_copy { padding: 24px 18px; }
    .najm_journal_site .najm_identity_meta { gap: 6px; }
    .najm_journal_site .najm_issn_pill { font-size: 10px; padding: 3px 6px; }
    .najm_journal_site .najm_article_main_title { font-size: 23px; line-height: 1.7; }
    .najm_journal_site .najm_content_card,
    .najm_journal_site .najm_restored_details > .item { padding: 18px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .najm_journal_site *, .najm_journal_site *::before, .najm_journal_site *::after { transition: none !important; animation: none !important; scroll-behavior: auto !important; }
}
@media print {
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_head,
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_sidebar,
    .najm_journal_site .najm_footer,
    .najm_journal_site .najm_journal_toolbar,
    .najm_journal_site .najm_copy_btn { display: none !important; }
    .najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_content,
    .najm_journal_site .najm_article_layout_grid { display: block !important; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; }
    .najm_journal_site [role="tabpanel"][hidden] { display: block !important; }
    .najm_journal_site .najm_article_header_card,
    .najm_journal_site .najm_content_card,
    .najm_journal_site .najm_side_card,
    .najm_journal_site .najm_restored_details > .item { box-shadow: none; border-color: #aaa; background: white; color: black; }
}
.najm_journal_site .obj_article_summary .najm_card_authors { flex: 0 1 auto; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_section_badge { color: var(--md-primary-ink); }
.najm_journal_site .najm_section_pill { color: var(--md-link); }
.najm_journal_site .obj_galley_link:is(:hover,:focus) { color: var(--md-primary-ink); }
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_title a:hover,
.najm_journal_site .najm_archive_card_title a:hover { color: var(--md-link); text-decoration: underline; }
/* Native forms and editorial pages must also fit narrow journal columns. */
.najm_journal_site .pkp_structure_main > .page { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.najm_journal_site .cmp_form :is(input:not([type="checkbox"]):not([type="radio"]),select,textarea) { max-width: 100%; }
.najm_journal_site .page_submissions table { display: block; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; }
.najm_journal_site .page_search .date_range label {
    position: absolute; inset: auto; left: 0; right: auto;
    width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px;
    overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0,0,0,0); clip-path: inset(50%); white-space: nowrap; border: 0;
}
.najm_journal_site .page_search .date_range label { margin: 0; }
.najm_journal_site .current_issue > .najm_section_header { margin-bottom: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-radius: 10px 10px 0 0; padding-bottom: 12px; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_header_card--summary { padding: 8px 20px 20px; border-top: 0; border-radius: 0 0 10px 10px; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_header_card--summary .najm_issue_info { display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px 24px; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_header_card--summary .najm_issue_badge_row { margin-bottom: 0; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_header_card--summary .najm_issue_description { flex-basis: 100%; }
body .najm_journal_site .obj_article_summary.najm_article_card { padding: var(--md-space) calc(var(--md-space) + 6px); }
/* Scientific identifiers keep their character order inside Arabic text. */
.najm_journal_site .najm_doi a,
.najm_journal_site .najm_doi_link,
.najm_journal_site .najm_issue_doi a { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: isolate; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }

/* An open, borderless logo ribbon above the footer. */
.najm_journal_site > .pkp_block.najm_indexing_strip {
    width: calc(100% - 64px);
    max-width: 1256px;
    margin: 0 auto 24px !important;
    padding: 12px 0 !important;
    background: transparent !important;
    border: 0 !important;
    border-radius: 0 !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
    overflow: visible !important;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_strip > .title {
    gap: 16px;
    padding: 0 0 10px !important;
    border: 0 !important;
    background: transparent !important;
    color: var(--nj-canvas-ink) !important;
    font-size: 13px !important;
    font-weight: 600 !important;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_strip > .title::after {
    content: '';
    flex: 1;
    order: 1;
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--nj-line);
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_strip + .najm_footer {
    margin-top: 20px;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_strip .content {
    display: flex !important;
    flex-wrap: nowrap !important;
    direction: ltr;
    overflow-x: auto;
    overflow-y: hidden;
    scrollbar-width: none;
    scroll-behavior: auto;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 28px;
    padding: 8px 20px !important;
    mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, #000 32px, #000 calc(100% - 32px), transparent);
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_strip .content::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_strip .content:focus-within {
    mask-image: none;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_strip .content :is(p, ul, ol, li) {
    display: contents !important;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_strip .content a {
    display: grid !important;
    place-items: center;
    min-width: 0;
    flex: 0 0 160px;
    width: 160px;
    height: 64px;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 0;
    background: transparent;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_strip .content img {
    display: block !important;
    flex: 0 0 160px;
    width: 160px !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    height: 64px !important;
    padding: 6px 4px;
    margin: 0 !important;
    object-fit: contain;
    border: 0 !important;
    border-radius: 0 !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
    background: transparent;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_strip .content a img {
    width: 100% !important;
    height: 64px !important;
    border: 0 !important;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_strip .content a:hover img {
    transform: none !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_control {
    display: inline-grid;
    place-items: center;
    flex: 0 0 34px;
    order: 2;
    width: 34px;
    height: 34px;
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--nj-canvas-ink);
    cursor: pointer;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_control[hidden] { display: none; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_control:hover { background: var(--nj-selected); color: var(--nj-selected-ink); }
@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .najm_journal_site > .pkp_block.najm_indexing_strip { width: calc(100% - 32px); }
    .najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_strip .content { gap: 20px; padding: 8px 12px !important; mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, #000 16px, #000 calc(100% - 16px), transparent); }
    .najm_journal_site .najm_indexing_strip .content:focus-within { mask-image: none; }
}
@media print {
    .najm_journal_site > .najm_indexing_strip { display: none !important; }
}

/* Optional per-journal social links alongside the masthead search. */
.najm_journal_site .najm_header_tools {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-end;
    gap: 8px;
    flex: 0 1 340px;
    min-width: 0;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_header_tools .najm_header_search { flex: none; min-width: 0; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_social_links {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 6px;
    max-width: 100%;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_social_link {
    display: inline-grid;
    place-items: center;
    flex: 0 0 34px;
    width: 34px;
    height: 34px;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: 50%;
    color: var(--md-link);
    background: #f8fafc;
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1;
    text-decoration: none;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_social_link:is(:hover,:focus-visible) {
    color: var(--nj-selected-ink);
    background: var(--nj-selected);
    border-color: var(--nj-selected);
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_social_x { font: 600 15px/1 Arial, sans-serif; }
@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .najm_journal_site .najm_header_tools { flex: none; width: 100%; align-items: stretch; }
    .najm_journal_site .najm_header_tools .najm_header_search { width: 100%; }
    .najm_journal_site .najm_social_links { justify-content: flex-start; }
}
@media print {
    .najm_journal_site .najm_social_links { display: none !important; }
}

/* Clear reading order and a distinct download area for article cards. */
body .najm_journal_site .obj_article_summary.najm_article_card {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_content { width: 100%; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_title { line-height: 1.75; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_actions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-top: 16px;
    padding-top: 14px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--nj-line-light);
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_actions .najm_card_galleys { width: auto; min-width: 0; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_actions .galleys_links { gap: 8px; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_actions .obj_galley_link {
    justify-content: center;
    width: auto;
    min-width: 100px;
    min-height: 42px;
    padding: 8px 18px;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-selected);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius-sm);
    background: var(--nj-selected);
    color: var(--nj-selected-ink);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.6;
    box-shadow: none;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_actions .obj_galley_link:is(:hover,:focus-visible) {
    background: var(--nj-selected);
    color: var(--nj-selected-ink);
    filter: brightness(.92);
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_actions .obj_galley_link.file::before { content: '\f15b'; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_pdf_unavailable {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    min-height: 42px;
    padding: 8px 14px;
    border: 1px solid var(--nj-line);
    border-radius: var(--nj-radius-sm);
    background: #f8fafc;
    color: #64748b;
    opacity: 1;
    font: inherit;
    font-size: 12px;
    cursor: default;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_details_link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    min-height: 42px;
    color: var(--md-link);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
}
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_details_link:hover { color: var(--md-link); text-decoration: underline; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_card_badges { margin-top: 2px; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_meta_pill { max-width: 100%; }
.najm_journal_site .najm_meta_pill.najm_doi { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
@media (max-width: 540px) {
    .najm_journal_site .najm_card_actions { gap: 8px 12px; }
    .najm_journal_site .najm_card_authors { align-items: baseline; }
}