Irrigation and Fertilization of Crops with Sewage Water, Manure, and Toxic Chemicals: A Comparative Jurisprudential Study

Abstract

This study aimed to demonstrate the Islamic ruling on crops irrigation with sewage water and fertilizing them with manure, the ruling on toxic and harmful chemicals sale and use for spraying and fertilizing crops and fruits, the Islamic law stance on consuming and selling irrigated and fertilized crops and fruits and the ruling on selling impure manure and contaminated sewage water. The study is divided into an introduction, five sections, and a conclusion. Section one discussed the ruling on irrigating and fertilizing crops and fruits with sewage water and manure. Section two examined jurisprudential opinion on sale and use of toxic chemicals for crops spraying and fertilization. Section three explored Fiqh ruling on consuming and selling crops irrigated with sewage water or treated with toxic chemicals. Section four elaborated the ruling on selling impure manure and contaminated sewage water. Section five considered the ruling on selling pure manure. The study results showed that crops irrigation with untreated sewage water is prohibited. It was revealed that crops fretilization with impure manure, contaminated sewage water, and toxic chemicals, selling toxic and harmful chemicals was unlawful considering the environmental, human, plant, and animal risks they pose.