The Productive School: An Analytical Reading of Global Experiences in Light of the Proposed Index (PSII) for Measuring the Quality of Investment in Educational Institutions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35696/a4cs1f35Keywords:
Productive School, Educational Investment, PSII Index, Educational Achievement, Financial SustainabilityAbstract
This study investigates how investment quality in the productive school influences educational achievement and outcomes, proposing a new index (PSII) to measure such investment and testing its causal relationship through instrumental variables. Using panel data from 47 countries (2000–2022) and fixed effects models with historical agricultural suitability and colonial educational policy variance as instruments, the research shows that each unit increase in PSII raises the Educational Achievement Index by 0.14 points and boosts PISA scores by 0.31 standard deviations, with stronger effects in upper-middle-income contexts. It identifies four productive school models -agricultural, technological, vocational-commercial, and community services- and outlines tailored investment guidelines for each. The study recommends adopting PSII as a cross-country benchmark and calls for randomized controlled trials to reinforce causal evidence. While contributing a methodological tool for evaluation and measurement, the findings highlight that the causal relationship remains only partially resolved.Downloads
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