Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Mecca) in the First Half of the Fifth Century AH Through the Journey of Nasir Khusraw

Abstract

This study discusses the fourth trip of the traveler Nasir Khusraw to Makkah, in the fifth century in 1st of Rajab 442 H (November 10, 1050) to Dhu Al-Hijjah 20, 442 H (May 3, 1051). It deals with the traveler's description of Makkah, Grand Mosque and Holy Kaaba. It also describes Makkah's weather in summer and winter, its most important seasonal fruits and vegetables and the currency used at that time. The research has been divided into two sections: the first is about Makkah's civilization, and the second is a description of the Grand Mosque and Kaaba. The research has reached many results, most notably: The commercial activity flourished in Makkah in the first half of the fifth century, especially in the Hajj and Umrah seasons. Makkah was known for its multiplicity of markets and professions, and for the abundance of water resources, including salty wells, which prompted the Abbasid Caliphs to establish basins and plants for water supply. The agricultural activity was diversified in Makkah and there were a number of seasonal fruits, as well as vegetables