Ikhwaniyat (Fraternal)Poetry in Muhammad Khalil Al-Samarji’s Diwan (d. 1181 AH/1767 CE)

Abstract

This study examines the fraternal Al-Ikhwaniyat poetry in Muhammad Khalil Al-Samarji Al-Jadawai’s diwan. The study is divided into an introduction (on Al-Ikhwaniyat poetry  features) and three sections. Section one introduced  the poet and his Ikhwaniyat poems. Section two explored the motives behind writing Al-Ikhwaniyat poetry in Al-Samarji's diwan, which include praise, admiration, yearning, correspondence, congratulations, apology, and admonishment. Section three focused on the artistic features of Al-Samarji's Ikhwaniyat poems, such as meter, rhyme, romantic prelude, repetition, apologizing for any shortcomings in the poet's writing, and emphasizing verbal craftsmanship. The study concluded that Al-Ikhwaniyat poetry in the literature of what is known as the literature of successive dynasties was a distinctive feature worth of study in the context of literary history, highlighting the relationship between poetry and social aspects, as well as its role in strengthening bonds of friendship and affinity among poets. Artistic tools, such as genre, historical references, exaggeration, and direction were employed to demonstrate the poetic abilities. Ikhwaniyat poems revealed the the relationship among contemporary writers, showcasing the depth of mutual respect and the poet's sense of need to counterparts to share his concerns and extend a helping hand to them.