The Impact of Reaction on the Emergence of Critical Approaches

Abstract

This research studies the emergence of a critical approach as a reaction to a previous one, such as textual approaches versus contextual approaches, the succession of the three authorities (author, work and reader), deconstruction in the face of structuralism, reception theory versus symbolism, structuralism, Marxist aesthetics and formalism, feminist criticism in the face of masculinity criticism, and the emergence of cultural criticism in response to closing the text. This study includes systemic approaches, the three authorities, formalism, deconstruction, the theory of reception, feminist criticism, cultural criticism, and its most prominent results were that some critical approaches created reactions among some critics, through what they saw as loopholes that should be remedied with alternative perceptions. This prompted them to contribute to the emergence of new approaches. Although modern critical approaches seek to achieve scientific position, they did not reach a conception of the text without incurring criticism against them. Moreover, modern criticism was distinguished by experimentation accompanied by transformations of some critics and their transfer between several approaches.