Perceptions of Stakeholders on Essential Requirements for Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) in Schools with Learning Disabilities Programs: A Qualitative Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35696/arts.v12i3.2092Keywords:
Requirements, Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS), Learning Disabilities, Inclusive SchoolsAbstract
This study aimed to uncover the perceptions of stakeholders and experts in the field regarding the essential requirements for multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) in elementary schools with learning disabilities programs, highlighting proposed solutions to provide these requirements. For the study purposes, a qualitative interpretive approach was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight participants from various disciplines and academic backgrounds. The study key qualitative results revealed three primary themes representing the fundamental requirements for developing MTSS: The first theme was.assessment requirements comprising comprehensive screening tools, progress monitoring, benchmark standards, data-driven decision-making, a technical database, and a system of sequential intervention levels. The second one was professional development requirements, which encompassed professional development significance, methods of professional development, training needs, mandatory professional development, and evidence-based practices. The third theme was material requirements, which included classroom environment and financial budget.
Downloads
References
البلوي، فيصل. (2019). مستوى تطبيق أسلوب الاستجابة للتدخل من قِبل معلمي المرحلة الابتدائية مع الطلبة المعرضين لخطر صعوبات التعلم، وفاعلية برنامج تدريبي في تحسينها. مجلة التربية الخاصة والتأهيل، 9(31)، 1- 36.
الجهني، ياسر. (2012). التحديات التي تواجه قادة المدارس بالمدينة المنورة أثناء تقديم برامج صعوبات التعلم من وجهة نظرهم. المجلة الدولية للعلوم التربوية والنفسية، 67(1)، 249- 315.
أبا حسين، وداد؛ والتميمي، تماضر. (2018). واقع استخدام التقنيات التعليمية في برامج صعوبات التعلم من وجهة نظر المعلمات. مجلة التربية الخاصة والتأهيل، 6(25)، 223- 256.
أبا حسين، وداد؛ والشويعر، شروق. (2019). آراء أعضاء هيئة التدريس نحو استخدام نموذج الاستجابة للتدخل في برامج صعـوبات التعلم. مجلة التربية الخاصة والتأهيل، 8(28)، 1- 32.
آل داود، حنان؛ والحسين، عبدالكريم. (2018). اتجاهات العاملين بالمدارس نحو استخدام دعم السلوك الإيجابي ومعوقات تطبيقه. المجلة السعودية للتربية الخاصة، (8)، 81- 105.
الزارع، أحمد؛ والحسيني، عبد الناصر. (2020). مدى توافر متطلبات نموذج الاستجابة للتدخل في المدارس الابتدائية الحكومية بمحافظة جدة من وجهة نظر معلمي ومعلمات صعوبات التعلم. المجلة السعودية للتربية الخاصة، جامعة الملك سعود، الجمعية السعودية للتربية الخاصة، (13)، 19- 50.
الزعبي، سهيل؛ والنفيعي، رشا. (2019). التحديات التي تواجه برنامج صعوبات التعلّم في منطقة تبوك بالمملكة العربية السعودية. مجلة العلوم التربوية، 1(46)، 619- 633.
الشمري، يوسف بن مرجي. (2019). واقع المشكلات السلوكية السائدة لدى عينة من تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية ذوي صعوبات التعلم من وجهة نظر معلميهم: دراسة تقييمية. المجلة التربوية، 64، 343- 369.
عقيل، عمر علوان. (2013). الشعور بالوحدة النفسية لدى طلاب ذوي صعوبات التعلم بمنطقة عسير بالمملكة العربية السعودية. مجلة كلية التربية، 24(94)، 1-28.
القحطاني، وفاء؛ والكثيري، نورة. (2020). المعوقات التي تواجه المعلمات في برامج صعوبات التعلم في مدينة الرياض من وجهة نظرهن. مجلة الطفولة والتربية، 12(42)، 231- 276.
القرني، حنان؛ والقحطاني، غزيل. (2020). درجة وعي المرشدين الطلابيين بالدليل الإجرائي لمشروع المدارس المعززة للسلوك الإيجابي. المجلة السعودية للتربية الخاصة، 14، 85- 114.
القرني، خالد؛ وحنفي، علي. (2023). مدى تطبيق نظام الدعم متعدد المستويات في ميدان التربية الخاصة بالمملكة العربية السعودية. مجلة التربية الخاصة والتأهيل، 15(53)، 60-99.
الكثيري، نورة؛ والدوسـري، مرام. (2020). المعوقات التي تواجه برامج صعوبات التعلم بالمرحلة المتوسطة والحلول المقترحة. مجلة التربية الخاصة والتأهيل، 10(37 الجزء الثاني)، 33- 78.
كريسويل، جون. (2019). تصميم البحوث: الكمية- النوعية- المزجية. (عبد المحسن القحطاني، مترجم). دار المسيلة للنشر والتوزيع. (العمل الأصلي نشر في 2014).
أبو نيان، إبراهيم. (2021). صعوبات التعلم من التاريخ إلى الخدمات. مطابع دار جامعة الملك سعود للنشر.
أبو نيان، إبراهيم؛ والجلعــود، عثمان. (2016). المشكلات التي تواجه برامج صعوبات التعلم بالمرحلة الابتدائية بمدارس البنات في مدينة الرياض. مجلة التربية الخاصة والتأهيل، 3(11)، 209- 261.
وزارة التعليم. (1439هـ). قواعد السلوك والمواظبة لطلاب وطالبات المرحلة الابتدائية (الدليل التنظيمي). الرياض. https://2u.pw/OMXIn
وزارة التعليم. (2021). الدليل التنظيمي لمدارس التعليم العام (دليل الأهداف والمهام). الرياض. https://2u.pw/bVQZM
References
Abā Ḥusayn, Widād ; wālshwyʻr, Shurūq. (2019). Ārāʼ aʻḍāʼ Hayʼat al-tadrīs Naḥwa istikhdām namūdhaj al-istijābah lil-tadakhkhul fī Barāmij ṣʻwbāt al-taʻallum. Majallat al-Tarbiyah al-khāṣṣah wa-al-taʼhīl, 8 (28), 1-32, (in Arabic).
Abā Ḥusayn, Widād ; wāltmymy, Tumāḍir. (2018). wāqiʻ istikhdām al-Tiqnīyāt al-taʻlīmīyah fī Barāmij ṣuʻūbāt al-taʻallum min wijhat naẓar almʻlmāt. Majallat al-Tarbiyah al-khāṣṣah wa-al-taʼhīl, 6 (25), 223-256, (in Arabic).
Abū Niyān, Ibrāhīm ; wāljlʻwd, ʻUthmān. (2016). al-mushkilāt allatī tuwājihu Barāmij ṣuʻūbāt al-taʻallum bi-al-marḥalah al-ibtidāʼīyah bi-madāris al-banāt fī Madīnat al-Riyāḍ. Majallat al-Tarbiyah al-khāṣṣah wa-al-taʼhīl, 3 (11), 209-261, (in Arabic).
Abū Niyān, Ibrāhīm. (2021). ṣuʻūbāt al-taʻallum min al-tārīkh ilá al-Khidmāt. Maṭābiʻ Dār Jāmiʻat al-Malik Saʻūd lil-Nashr, (in Arabic).
Āl Dāwūd, Ḥanān ; wa-al-Ḥusayn, ʻAbd-al-Karīm. (2018). Ittijāhāt al-ʻāmilīn bi-al-madāris Naḥwa istikhdām Daʻm al-sulūk al-ījābī wa-muʻawwiqāt taṭbīqih. al-Majallah al-Saʻūdīyah lil-Tarbiyah al-khāṣṣah, (8), 81-105, (in Arabic).
Alahmari, A. (2019). A Review and Synthesis of the Response to Intervention (RtI) Literature: Teachers' Implementations and Perceptions. International Journal of Special Education, 33(4), 894-909.
al-Balawī, Fayṣal. (2019). mustawá taṭbīq uslūb al-istijābah lil-tadakhkhul min qibl Muʻallimī al-marḥalah al-ibtidāʼīyah maʻa al-ṭalabah almʻrḍyn li-khaṭar ṣuʻūbāt al-taʻallum, wa-fāʻilīyat Barnāmaj tadrībī fī taḥsīnihā. Majallat al-Tarbiyah al-khāṣṣah wa-al-taʼhīl, 9 (31), 1-36, (in Arabic).
al-Juhanī, Yāsir. (2012). al-taḥaddiyāt allatī tuwājihu qādat al-Madāris bi-al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah athnāʼ taqdīm Barāmij ṣuʻūbāt al-taʻallum min wijhat naẓarihim. al-Majallah al-Dawlīyah lil-ʻUlūm al-Tarbawīyah wa-al-nafsīyah, 67 (1), 249-315 (in Arabic).
al-Kathīrī, Nūrah ; wāldwsry, Marām. (2020). al-muʻawwiqāt allatī tuwājihu Barāmij ṣuʻūbāt al-taʻallum bi-al-marḥalah al-mutawassiṭah wa-al-ḥulūl al-muqtaraḥah. Majallat al-Tarbiyah al-khāṣṣah wa-al-taʼhīl, 10 (37 al-juzʼ al-Thānī), 33-78, (in Arabic).
Alnaim, F. (2015). Learning disabilities concept and identification: Primary teachers’ perspective in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 5(12), 1040- 1043.
al-Qaḥṭānī, Wafāʼ ; wālkthyry, Nūrah. (2020). al-muʻawwiqāt allatī tuwājihu almʻlmāt fī Barāmij ṣuʻūbāt al-taʻallum fī Madīnat al-Riyāḍ min wijhat nẓrhn. Majallat al-ṭufūlah wa-al-tarbiyah, 12 (42), 231-276, (in Arabic).
al-Quranī, Ḥanān ; wālqḥṭāny, ghzyl. (2020). darajat waʻy al-Murshidīn alṭlābyyn bi-al-dalīl al-ijrāʼī li-mashrūʻ al-Madāris almʻzzh lil-sulūk al-ījābī. al-Majallah al-Saʻūdīyah lil-Tarbiyah al-khāṣṣah, 14, 85-114, (in Arabic).
al-Quranī, Khālid ; wḥnfy, ʻAlī. (2023). Madá taṭbīq Niẓām al-daʻm mutaʻaddid al-mustawayāt fī Maydān al-Tarbiyah al-khāṣṣah bi-al-Mamlakah al-ʻArabīyah al-Saʻūdīyah. Majallat al-Tarbiyah al-khāṣṣah wa-al-taʼhīl, 15 (53), 60-99, (in Arabic).
Alsalamah, A. (2022). Applying Prereferral Models Before and After IDEA 2004: Where are We Now?. Exceptionality, 30(1), 27-42.
al-Shammarī, Yūsuf ibn Marjī. (2019). wāqiʻ al-mushkilāt al-sulūkīyah al-sāʼidah ladá ʻayyinah min talāmīdh al-marḥalah al-ibtidāʼīyah dhawī ṣuʻūbāt al-taʻallum min wijhat naẓar muʻallimīhim: dirāsah taqyīmīyah. al-Majallah al-Tarbawīyah, 64, 343-369, (in Arabic).
Alzārʻ, Aḥmad ; wa-al-Ḥusaynī, ʻAbd al-Nāṣir. (2020). Madá twāfr Mutaṭallabāt namūdhaj al-istijābah lil-tadakhkhul fī al-Madāris al-ibtidāʼīyah al-ḥukūmīyah bi-Muḥāfaẓat Jiddah min wijhat naẓar Muʻallimī wmʻlmāt ṣuʻūbāt al-taʻallum. al-Majallah al-Saʻūdīyah lil-Tarbiyah al-khāṣṣah, Jāmiʻat al-Malik Saʻūd, al-Jamʻīyah al-Saʻūdīyah lil-Tarbiyah al-khāṣṣah, (13), 19-50, (in Arabic).
al-Zuʻbī, Suhayl; wālnfyʻy, Rashā. (2019). al-taḥaddiyāt allatī tuwājihu Barnāmaj ṣuʻūbāt altʻllm fī minṭaqat Tabūk bi-al-Mamlakah al-ʻArabīyah al-Saʻūdīyah. Majallat al-ʻUlūm al-Tarbawīyah, 1 (46), 619-633, (in Arabic).
ʻAqīl, ʻUmar ʻAlwān. (2013). al-shuʻūr bi-al-waḥdah al-nafsīyah ladá ṭullāb dhawī ṣuʻūbāt al-taʻallum bi-Minṭaqat ʻAsīr bi-al-Mamlakah al-ʻArabīyah al-Saʻūdīyah. Majallat Kullīyat al-Tarbiyah, 24 (94), 1-28, (in Arabic).
Arden, S. V., & Pentimonti, J. M. (2017). Data-based decision making in multi-tiered systems of support: Principles, practices, tips, & tools. Perspectives on Language and Literacy, 43(4), 19-23.
Bailey, T. R. (2019, September 20). Is MTSS the new RTT? depends on where you live. Center on Multi - Tiered Systems of Support.
Berndt, A. E. (2020). Sampling methods. Journal of Human Lactation, 36(2), 224-226.
Braun, G., Kumm, S., Brown, C., Walte, S., Hughes, M. T., & Maggin, D. M. (2020). Living in Tier 2: Educators’ perceptions of MTSS in urban schools. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 24(10), 1114-1128.
Brown-Chidsey, R. C., & Steege, M. W. (2010). Response to Intervention: Principles and Strategies for Effective Practice. Practical Intervention in the Schools Series. (2nd ed.). Guilford Publications.
Bunting. (2021). Delaware Multi-Tiered System of Support California State Polytechnic. Delaware Department of Education.
Byrne, D. (2022). A worked example of Braun and Clarke’s approach to reflexive thematic analysis. Quality & quantity, 56(3), 1391-1412.
Cavendish, W., Harry, B., Menda, A. M., Espinosa, A., & Mahotiere, M. (2016). Implementing response to intervention: Challenges of diversity and system change in a high-stakes environment. Teachers College Record, 118(5), 1-36.
Charlton, C. T., Sabey, C. V., Dawson, M. R., Pyle, D., Lund, E. M., & Ross, S. W. (2018). Critical incidents in the scale-up of state multitiered systems of supports. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 20(4), 191-202.
Choi, J., McCart, A., Hicks, T., & Sailor, W. (2019). An analysis of mediating effects of school leadership on MTSS implementation. The Journal of Special Education, 53)1(, 15–27.
Clark, A. G., & Dockweiler, K. A. (2019). Multi-tiered systems of support in elementary schools: The definitive guide to effective implementation and quality control. Routledge.
Cook, B. G., & Odom, S. L. (2013). Evidence-based practices and implementation science in special education. Exceptional children, 79(2), 135-144.
DeJonckheere, M., & Vaughn, L. M. (2019). Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: A balance of relationship and rigor. Family Medicine and Community Health, 7(2), 1-8.
Feuerborn, L. L., Wallace, C., & Tyre, A. D. (2016). A qualitative analysis of middle and high school teacher perceptions of schoolwide positive behavior supports. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 18(4), 219-229.
Fisher, T. (2020). Roles and Preparedness in Multi-Tiered Systems of Support: A Survey of Florida Elementary Special Educators (Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida). ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. https://2u.pw/Wb9nq
Fletcher, J. M., Lyon, G. R., Fuchs, L. S., & Barnes, M. A. (2018). Learning disabilities: From identification to intervention. Guilford Publications.
Florida Department of Education. (n.d.). Multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS). https://www.fldoe.org/schools/k-12-public-schools/sss/multi-tiered-sys.stml
Horner, R., Sugai, G., & Fixsen, D. (2017). Implementing effective educational practices at scales of social importance. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 20(1), 25–35.
https://rti4success.org/blog/mtss-new-rti-depends-where-you-live
Jamshed, S. (2014). Qualitative research method-interviewing and observation. Journal of basic and clinical pharmacy, 5(4), 87-88.
Jennings, H. (2021). The Impact of Implementation Drivers on Teacher Efficacy Beliefs within a Multi-Tier System of Support Framework (Doctoral dissertation, Gardner-Webb University). ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. https://2u.pw/P2Xs1
Jimerson, S. R., Burns, M. K., & VanDerHeyden, A. M. (2016). Handbook of response to intervention: The science and practice of multi-tiered systems of support. Springer.
Knight, V. F., Huber, H. B., Kuntz, E. M., Carter, E. W., & Juarez, A. P. (2019). Instructional practices, priorities, and preparedness for educating students with autism and intellectual disability. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 34(1), 3-14.
Kryswyl, Jūn. (2019). taṣmīm al-Buḥūth : alkmyt-alnwʻyt-almzjyh. (ʻAbd al-Muḥsin al-Qaḥṭānī, mutarjim). Dār al-Masīlah lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ. (al-ʻamal al-aṣlī Nashr fī 2014) , (in Arabic).
Lane, K. L., Carter, E. W., Jenkins, A., Dwiggins, L., & Germer, K. (2015). Supporting comprehensive, integrated, three-tiered models of prevention in schools: Administrators’ perspectives. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 17(4), 209-222.
Lulla, S. R. (2022). Exploring the Perceptions of School Teams Implementing Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (Doctoral dissertation, Brigham Young University). ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. https://2u.pw/3cC3YEq
Mason, E. N., Benz, S. A., Lembke, E. S., Burns, M. K., & Powell, S. R. (2019). From professional development to implementation: A district's experience implementing mathematics tiered systems of support. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 34(4), 207-214.
McIntosh, K., & Goodman, S. (2016). Integrated multi-tiered systems of support: Blending RTI and PBIS. Guilford Publications.
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Designing your study and selecting a sample. Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation, 67(1), 73-104.
Meyer, M. M., Behar-Horenstein, L. S. (2015). What leadership matters: Perspectives from a teacher team implementing response to intervention. Education and Treatment of Children, 38(3), 383–402.
National Association of School Psychologists [NASP]. (n.d.). ESSA and MTSS for school psychologists. National Association of School Psychologists (NASP). https://www.nasponline.org/research-and-policy/policy-priorities/relevant-law/the-every-student-succeeds-act/essa-implementation-resources/essa-and-mtss-for-school-psychologists
National Center for Education Statistics. (2021). Students With Disabilities. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. Retrieved 5 May 2023, https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/cgg
Nelson, J. M., & Harwood, H. (2011). Learning disabilities and anxiety: A meta-analysis. Journal of learning disabilities, 44(1), 3-17.
Noble, H., & Smith, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: a practical example. Evidence-Based Nursing, 17(1), 2-3.
Oslund, E. L., Elleman, A. M., & Wallace, K. (2021). Factors Related to Data-Based Decision-Making: Examining Experience, Professional Development, and the Mediating Effect of Confidence on Teacher Graph Literacy. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 54(4), 243-255.
Oxford Dictionaries. (2018). Definition of 'requirement'. COBUILD advanced English dictionary. https://2u.pw/Fc6RtmE
Regan, K., Berkeley, S., Hughes, M., & Brady, K. (2015). Understanding practitioner perceptions of responsiveness to intervention. Learning Disability Quarterly, 38(4), 234.
Romer, N., Green, A. L., & Cox, K. E. (2018). Educator perceptions of preparedness and professional development for implementation of evidence-based practices within a multi-tiered system of supports. School Mental Health, 10, 122-133.
Satterfield, D. D. (2020). Teacher Efficacy: Perceptions of Multi-Tiered Support Processes for Improving Instructional Practices (Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia). ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. https://2u.pw/8ZcIu
Scott, T. M., Gage, N. A., Hirn, R. G., Lingo, A. S., & Burt, J. (2019). An examination of the association between MTSS implementation fidelity measures and student outcomes. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 63(4), 308-316.
Shepley, C., & Grisham-Brown, J. (2019). Multi-tiered systems of support for preschool-aged children: A review and meta-analysis. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 47, 296-308.
Shute, C. S. (2017). Planning and implementing a structured and systematic response to academic intervention plans through multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh). ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.https://2u.pw/nSaFC
Stoiber, K. C., & Gettinger, M. (2016). Multi-tiered systems of support and evidence-based practices. In S. R., Jimerson & M. K., Burns, & A. M. Vandervelde (Eds.). Handbook of response to intervention: The science and practice of multi-tiered systems of support (pp. 121-141). Springer.
Sugai, G., & Horner, R. H. (2019). Sustaining and scaling positive behavioral interventions and supports: Implementation drivers, outcomes, and considerations. Exceptional Children, 86(2), 120-136.
U.S. Department of Education [DE]. (n.d.-a). Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). https://www.ed.gov/ESSA/
U.S. Department of Education [DE]. (n.d.-b). In recognition of Hill Walker’s contributions to Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS). https://sites.ed.gov/osers/tag/mtss/
Weingarten, Z., Zumeta Edmonds, R., & Arden, S. (2020). Better together: Using MTSS as a structure for building school–family partnerships. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 53(2), 122-130.
West, R. K. (2020). Perceptions of Teachers and Support Staff on Professional Development Training for Multi-Tiered System of Supports: A Qualitative Case Study (Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University). ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. https://2u.pw/dNWYt
Wizārat al-Taʻlīm. (1439h). Qawāʻid al-sulūk wālmwāẓbh li-ṭullāb wa-ṭālibāt al-marḥalah al-ibtidāʼīyah (al-Dalīl al-tanẓīmī). al-Riyāḍ. https://2u.pw/OMXIn, (in Arabic).
Wizārat al-Taʻlīm. (2021). al-Dalīl al-tanẓīmī li-Madāris al-Taʻlīm al-ʻāmm (Dalīl al-ahdāf wa-al-mahāmm). al-Riyāḍ. https://2u.pw/bVQZM, (in Arabic).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing
For all articles published in journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.