Arab Coffee Trade from the 16th to the 19th Century AD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35696/arts.v12i1.1836Keywords:
Coffee trade, coffee production, trade routes, YemenAbstract
The study aims to highlight the importance of Arab coffee trade from the 16th to the 19th century AD. It is divided into an introduction and four sections covering the role of Yemenis in coffee trade during the 16th and 18th centuries AD, the routes of this trade, the prominent Egyptian, Levantine, and Moroccan merchant families who contributed to this trade, and finally, the role of Europeans in shifting the center of coffee production from Yemen to European colonies in the New World. The analytical and investigative approach was followed for fulfilling the study purposes. The study key findings showed that the emergence of coffee trade was associated with Sufis in Yemen and spread to Egypt through scholars studying at Al-Azhar. It was also revealed that Coffee was linked to the ancient trade route known as the Incense Route. The Ottoman administration, in collaboration with Yemeni rulers and certain Egyptian, Levantine, and Moroccan families, played a significant role in this trade until the 16th century when Europeans recognized its importance and shifted the center of coffee production from Yemen to European colonies in the New World.Downloads
References
مقشر، عبد الودود قاسم. (2016). نشأة القهوة العربية وانتشار زراعة البن في اليمن ما بين القرنين الرابع عشر والسابع عشر الميلادي، مجلة أبحاث، (6)، 245-290.
عياشي، عبد الله بن محمد.(2006). الرحلة العياشية، (سعيد الفاضلي، وسليمان القرشي، تحقيق، ط.1)، دار السويدي للنشر والتوزيع.
References
Abdul Mu‛ti,Husam Muhammad.(2005). The Fez Merchants in Eighteenth-Century Cairo,” in Society and Economy in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean, 1600–1900: Essays inHonor of André Raymond,( ed. Nelly Hanna & Raouf Abbas), The American Universityin Cairo Press.
al-Jazīrī, ʿAbd al-Qādir b. Muḥammad.(1973). ʿUmdat al-Ṣafwa fī Ḥill alQahwa.ed. Silvestre de Sacy, Chrestomathie arabe, 2nd ed.
ʻAyyāshī, ʻAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad. (2006). al-Riḥlah alʻyāshyh, (Saʻīd al-Fāḍilī, wa-Sulaymān al-Qurashī, taḥqīq 1st ed.), Dār al-Suwaydī lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, (in Arabic).
Bhardwa, S.(2022). Indian Merchants in the Red Sea Port Mocha During Pre-Colonial Times, J Ph.D., University of Delhi, J. Appl. Soc.
Bhardwa, S.(2022).Indian Merchants in the Red Sea Port Mocha During Pre-Colonial Times, J Ph.D. Research Scholar Department of African Studies, University of Delhi,9, J. Appl. Soc. Sci.
Clarence-Smith, W. G.(2001). SOAS paper on the spread of coffee and chapter in Le Caaféavantl'ere des plantations colonials: espaces, réseaux, sociétés , Michel Tuchscherer,ed, (XVè - VIIIè siècles) Cairo IFAO.
Clarence-Smith, W. G.(2001). SOAS paper on the spread of coffee and chapter in Le Caaféavantl'ere des plantations colonials: espaces, réseaux, societies, Michel Tuchscherer,ed.,, XVè ( VIIIè siècles) Cairo IFAO.
Ginio, Eyal.(2006).When Coffee Brought about Wealth and Prestige: The Impact of Egyptian Trade on Salonica, 1,Oriente Moderno, Nuova, (1.25/86).
Greeney, A.(2022).Yemen’s Traditional and Resilient Coffee Sector: Production TotalsSteady from 1690 to Present, Master of Harvard University .
Hathaway, J.(2003). A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen Albany, State University of New York Press.
Hattox, Ralph S.(1996). Coffee and Coffeehouses: The Origins of a Social Beverage inthe Medieval Near East. Seattle: Washington.
Keiko, O.(2018). Coffee as a Global Beverage before 1700, Institute of ComparativeEconomic Studies,32, Journal of International Economic Studies.
Kennedy, J. G. (1987).The Flower of Paradise, The Institutionalized Use of the DrugQat in North Yemen Depts, U.S.A.
Mqshr, ʻAbd al-Wadūd Qāsim. (2016). Nashʼat al-qahwah al-ʻArabīyah wa-intishār Zirāʻat ibn fī al-Yaman mā bayna al-qarnayn al-rābiʻ ʻashar wa-al-sābiʻ ʻashar al-Mīlādī, Majallat Abḥāth, (6), 245-290, (in Arabic).
Nancy Um.(2017). Shipped but Not Sold: Material Culture and the Social Protocols ofTrade during Yemen’s Age of Coffee, Perspectives on the Global Past Series Honolulu: University of Hawai’i
National Regimes, California. (2018).Coffee as a Global Beverage before 1700, Institute of ComparativeEconomic Studies, 32, Journal of International Economic Studies.
Nelly Hanna.(1998). Making Big Money in 1600: The Life and Times of Isma‛il Abu Taqiyya, Egyptian Merchant, Syracuse .
Niebuhr, C.(1994).Travels through Arabia and Other Countries in the East, Performed by M. Niebuhr, Nowa Captain of Engineers in the Service of the King of Denmark.( Translated into English by Robert Heron with Notes by the Translator; and Illustrated with Engravings and Maps. Edinburgh, 1792), new edition, UK: Garnet Publishing.
Passim, eadem.(2006). The Ottomans and the Yemeni Coffee Trade, Oriente Moderno, 25/86, no.1. Nuova serie.
Peacock, A.(2021). Jeddah and the India Trade in the Sixteenth Century: Arabian Contexts and Imperial Policy, Human Interaction with the Environment in the Red Sea, Selected Papers of Red Sea Project VI
Peacock, Andrew.(2017). Jeddah and the India Trade in the Sixteenth Century: Arabian Contexts and Imperial Policy, Human Interaction with the Environment in the Red Sea, Selected Papers of Red Sea Project, VI, Prill
Quickel, Anthony T. (2021).Cairo and Coffee in the Transottoman Trade Network,Trans ottoman Matters: Objects Moving through Time, Space, and Meaning .
Raymond, A.(1973-1974). Artisans et commerçants au Caire XVIIIe siècle , Institut français de Damas.
Raymond, A.(1991). Soldiers in Trade: The Case of Ottoman Cairo, 1(18), Bulletin of theBritish Society for Middle Eastern Studies.
Reimer, M. J.(1994).Ottoman Alexandria: The Paradox of Decline and theReconfiguration of Power in Eighteenth-Century Arab Provinces, 2(37).JESHO.
Samper, M., Fernanddo, R.(2003). Historical Statistics of Coffee Production and Trade from 1700 to 1960" in The Global Coffee Economy in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, 1500-1989 edited (byWilliam Clarence-Smith and Steven Topic, Cambridge) University.
Shlomo D. Goitein.(1966). The Beginning of the Karim Merchants and the Character oftheir organization," in Studies in Islamic History and Institutions, Leiden.
Tsugitaka, S.(2006). Slave Traders and Karimi Merchants during the Mamluk Period:A Comparative Study, Mamlūk Studies Review .
Tuchscherer, M.( 2002).Coffee in the Red Sea Area from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century, Leila Fawaz and C. A. Bayly Modernityand Culture from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean, Columbia University Press.
Van Zanden, J.L.(1993). The Rise and Decline of Holland's Economy. Merchant Capitalism and the Labour Market, Manchester University Press.
Walter J. Fischel.(1927). Über die Gruppe der Karimi Kaufleute,14. Analecta Orientalia.
Winter, M.(1992). Egyptian Society under Ottoman Rule, 1517–1798, London: Routledge.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing
For all articles published in journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
