تحليل التعقيد النحوي في نصوص مترجمة من العربية إلى الإنجليزية: مقارنة ترجمة جوجل بالترجمة البشرية

Ai, H., & Lu, X. (2013). A Corpus-based Comparison of Syntactic Complexity in NNS and NS University Students' Writing. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Alnasery, I. H. S. (2024). Reducing the Ambiguity in Translating Prepositions from English into Arabic. Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies, 6(2), 541–555. https://doi.org/10.53286/arts.v6i2.1959

Alsahlanee, A., & Jaganathan, P. (2023). Phrasal Syntactic Complexity Measures in Linguistics Research Articles Written by Iraqi and English L1 Writers. 3L the Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 29(1), 154–168. https://doi.org/10.17576/3l-2023-2901-11.

Ashuja’a, A., & Jibreel, I. (2024). Translator Praxis: An Investigation into the Practical Component in BA Translation Programs at Yemeni Universities. Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies, 6(3), 574–604. https://doi.org/10.53286/arts.v6i3.2085

Ataman, D., Negri, M., Turchi, M., & Federico, M. (2017). Linguistically Motivated Vocabulary Reduction for Neural Machine Translation from Turkish to English. the Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics, 108(1), 331–342. https://doi.org/10.1515/pralin-2017-0031

Bulté, B., & Housen, A. (2014). "Conceptualizing and measuring short-term changes in L2 writing complexity." Journal of Second Language Writing 26, 42-65.

Cancino, M., & Panes, J. (2021). The impact of Google Translate on L2 writing quality measures: Evidence from Chilean EFL high school learners. System, 98, 102464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102464

Dagan, I., Glickman, O., & Magnini, B. (2006). The PASCAL Recognising Textual Entailment Challenge. In Lecture notes in computer science (pp. 177–190). https://doi.org/10.1007/11736790_9

Deng, Y., Lei, L., & Liu, D. (2019). Calling for More Consistency, Refinement, and Critical Consideration in the Use of Syntactic Complexity Measures for Writing. Applied Linguistics, 42(5), 1021–1028. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amz069

Elmahdi, O. E. H. & Mohamad, H. M. H. (2024). Developing Translation and Interpretation Skills: An Analysis of Students' Linguistic Needs, Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies, 6(4): 652 -671

Google Translate. (2024, October 1). In Wikipedia. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_translate.

Ha, M.J. (2023). Computer-Aided Analysis of Syntactic Elaboration of Written Argumentation Across Topics and L1s. Computer Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal CALL-EJ), 24(1), 242-268

Hwang, H., Jung, H., & Kim, H. (2020). Effects of Written Versus Spoken Production Modalities on Syntactic Complexity Measures in Beginning‐Level Child EFL Learners. Modern Language Journal, 104(1), 267-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12626

Inoue, C. (2016). A comparative study of the variables used to measure syntactic complexity and accuracy in task-based research. Language Learning Journal, 44(4), 487–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2015.1130079

Jagaiah, T., Olinghouse, N. G., & Kearns, D. M. (2020). Syntactic complexity measures: variation by genre, grade-level, students’ writing abilities, and writing quality. Reading and Writing, 33(10), 2577–2638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-020-10057-x

Kisselev, O., Klimov, A., & Kopotev, M. (2021). Syntactic Complexity Measures as Indices of Language Proficiency in Writing: Focus on Heritage Learners of Russian. Heritage Language Journal, 18(3), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1163/15507076-12340016

Kisselev, O., Klimov, A., & Kopotev, M. (2022a). Syntactic complexity measures as linguistic correlates of proficiency level in learner Russian. In Studies in corpus linguistics (pp. 51–80). https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.104.03kis

Kisselev, O., Klimov, A., & Kopotev, M. (2022b). Syntactic complexity measures as linguistic correlates of proficiency level in learner Russian. In Studies in corpus linguistics (pp. 51–80). https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.104.03kis

Kyle, K., & Crossley, S. A. (2018). Measuring Syntactic Complexity in L2 Writing Using

Fine-Grained Clausal and Phrasal Indices. Modern Language Journal, 102(2), 333–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12468

Kyle, K., Crossley, S., & Verspoor, M. (2020). MEASURING LONGITUDINAL WRITING DEVELOPMENT USING INDICES OF SYNTACTIC COMPLEXITY AND SOPHISTICATION. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 43(4), 781–812. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263120000546

Larsson, T. & Kaatari, H. (2020). Syntactic complexity across registers: Investigating (in)formality in second-language writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 45, 1-16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2020.100850

Lu, X. (2010). Automatic analysis of syntactic complexity in second language writing. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 15(4): 474–496.

Lu, X. (2011). A Corpus‐Based Evaluation of Syntactic Complexity Measures as Indices of College‐Level ESL Writers’ Language Development. TESOL Quarterly, 45(1), 36–62. https://doi.org/10.5054/tq.2011.240859

Lu, X. (2017). Automated measurement of syntactic complexity in corpus-based L2 writing research and implications for writing assessment. Language Testing, 34(4), 493–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532217710675

Machine translation. (2024, May 18). In Wikipedia. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_translation.

Mahmoud, M. (1986). Hiwar Ma'a Sadeeqi Amulhid [Dialogue With An Atheist]. Dar Ala'awda, Beirut.

Mahmoud, M. (2000). Dialogue With An Atheist (M, Yehia, Trans.). Dar Al Taqwa. (1986).

Norris, J.M. and Ortega, L. (2009), “Measurement for understanding: An organic approach to investigating complexity, accuracy, and fluency in SLA”, Applied Linguistics, 30, 555–578.

Ortega, L. (2003). Syntactic Complexity Measures and their Relationship to L2 Proficiency: A Research Synthesis of College-level L2 Writing. Applied Linguistics, 24(4), 492–518. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/24.4.492

Park, S. (2012). A Corpus-Based Study of Syntactic Complexity Measures as Developmental Indices of College-Level L2 Learners’ Proficiency in Writing. Korean Journal of Applied Linguistics, 28(3), 139. https://doi.org/10.17154/kjal.2012.09.28.3.139

Yang, W., Lu, X., & Weigle, S. C. (2015). Different topics, different discourse: Relationships among writing topic, measures of syntactic complexity, and judgments of writing quality. Journal of Second Language Writing, 28, 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2015.02.002

Yu, Q. (2019). An Organic Syntactic Complexity Measure for the Chinese Language: The TC-Unit. Applied Linguistics, 42(1), 60–92. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amz064

Zeng, X. (2023). Comparing Syntactic Complexity: Research Papers Written by Undergraduate Researchers and Published Research Papers. Journal of Education, 203(1) 129-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220574211016435

Zindela, N. (2023). Comparing Measures of Syntactic and Lexical Complexity in Artificial Intelligence and L2 Human-Generated Argumentative Essays. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT) 19(3), 50-68