Hematological Parameters Changes in Albino Rats Vaccinated with Bacilli Calmette-Guerin

Abdullah Ali Al-Alawi; Fuad Ahmed Ali Saad

doi:10.59167/tujnas.v10i2.3015

Authors

Abdullah Ali Al-Alawi Department of Medical laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Thamar University, Dhamar 87246, Yemen & Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, China. Author
Fuad Ahmed Ali Saad Biology Department (Microbiology Division), Faculty of Applied Science, Thamar University, Dhamar 87246, Yemen. Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59167/tujnas.v10i2.3015

Keywords:

BCG, Rats, Hematological parameters, Vaccine, Tuberculosis

Abstract

Scientific background: The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) against tuberculosis (TB) has beneficial protection against TB. This study investigated changes in hematological parameters in albino rats following BCG vaccination. Method: An experimental study on the freeze-dried BCG strain (Danish 1331) was carried out between November and December 2019. The experimental rats were randomly divided into three groups (control group and groups receiving 0.05 ml and 0.1 ml of BCG, respectively). To evaluate the effect of BCG on WBC differential count (total leucocytes and lymphocytes), RBC count (RBC count and PCV), and platelet count. Results: The results revealed a statistically significant variation among the groups, particularly in body weight and erythrocyte count. Rats administered 0.05 ml of BCG exhibited a significant increase in body weight (223.00 ± 9.5 g) compared to the control (195.50 ± 32.9 g) and the 0.1 ml BCG group (176.60 ± 11.6 g). Although total leukocyte counts did not differ significantly among groups, erythrocyte counts were significantly elevated in the 0.1 ml BCG group (8.1800 ± 0.49 ×10⁶/mm³), indicating enhanced erythropoietic activity. Furthermore, lymphocyte percentages were highest in the 0.05 ml group (82.600 ± 4.0%), suggesting a dose-responsive immunostimulatory effect. However, a reduction in thrombocyte levels was noted with increasing BCG dosage, with the 0.1 ml group showing the lowest count (404.20 ± 121.3/mm³). Conclusion: These findings suggest that a 0.05 mL dose of BCG may positively influence body weight gain and immune cell activity.

References

Nieuwenhuizen, N.E., Kulkarni, P.S., Shaligram, U., Cotton, M.F., Rentsch, C.A., Eisele, B., Grode, L., Kaufmann, S.H.E. (2017) The Recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccine VPM1002: Ready for Clinical Efficacy Testing, Frontiers in Immunology 8: 1147.

Monteiro-Maia, R., Pinho, R.T. (2014) Oral bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine against tuberculosis: why not?, Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 109: 838-845.

Schepers, K., Dirix, V., Mouchet, F., Verscheure, V., Lecher, S., Locht, C., Mascart, F. (2015) Early cellular immune response to a new candidate mycobacterial vaccine antigen in childhood tuberculosis, Vaccine 33: 1077-83.

Moliva, J.I., Turner, J., Torrelles, J.B. (2017) Immune Responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination: Why Do They Fail to Protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis?, Frontiers in Immunology 8: 407.

Bloom, B.R., Atun, R., Cohen, T., Dye, C., Fraser, H., Gomez, G.B., Knight, G., Murray, M., Nardell, E., Rubin, E., Salomon, J., Vassall, A., Volchenkov, G., White, R., Wilson, D., Yadav, P. (2017) Tuberculosis, in: Holmes, K.K., Bertozzi, S., Bloom, B.R., Jha, P., (Ed.), Major Infectious Diseases, World Bank Publications, Washington, USA, pp. 506

Zhang, L., Ru, H.W., Chen, F.Z., Jin, C.Y., Sun, R.F., Fan, X.Y., Guo, M., Mai, J.T., Xu, W.X., Lin, Q.X., Liu, J. (2016) Variable Virulence and Efficacy of BCG Vaccine Strains in Mice and Correlation With Genome Polymorphisms, Molecular Therapy 24: 398-405.

Floyd, K., Glaziou, P., Zumla, A., Raviglione, M. (2018) The global tuberculosis epidemic and progress in care, prevention, and research: an overview in year 3 of the End TB era, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 6: 299-314.

Silitonga, M., Silitonga, P.M. (2017) Haematological profile of rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced BCG and provided leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus Lour Spreng. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1868: AIP Publishing LLC, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, pp. 090008.

Abdel-Hamid, M., Osman, A., El-Hadary, A., Romeih, E., Sitohy, M., Li, L. (2020) Hepatoprotective action of papain-hydrolyzed buffalo milk protein on carbon tetrachloride oxidative stressed albino rats, Journal of Dairy Science 103: 1884-1893.

Najeeb Ur, R., Mehmood, M.H., Alkharfy, K.M., Gilani, A.H. (2011) Prokinetic and laxative activities of Lepidium sativum seed extract with species and tissue selective gut stimulatory actions, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 134: 878-883.

Al-Hashem, F. (2009) Camel’s milk protects against aluminum chloride-induced toxicity in the liver and kidney of white albino rats, American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 5: 98-109.

Radman, B.A., Al-Khatib, B.Y., Alaizeri, Z.M., Al-Tamimi, A.S., Al-Thahibi, W.E., Mohan, R., Alhadlaq, H.A., Ahamed, M. (2022) Histology and radiography studies of effects of Lepidium sativum seeds on bone healing in male albino rats, Journal of King Saud University-Science 34: 102062.

Wang, W., Dong, Z., Zhang, J., Zhou, X., Wei, X., Cheng, F., Li, B., Zhang, J. (2019) Acute and Subacute Toxicity Assessment of Oxyclozanide in Wistar Rats, Frontiers in Veterinary Science 6: 294.

McFarland, C.T., Ly, L., Jeevan, A., Yamamoto, T., Weeks, B., Izzo, A., McMurray, D. (2010) BCG vaccination in the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) infected by the pulmonary route with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis 90: 262-267.

Fisker, A.B., Benn, C.S., Diness, B.R., Martins, C., Rodrigues, A., Aaby, P., Bibby, B.M. (2011) The Effect of 50 000 IU Vitamin A with BCG Vaccine at Birth on Growth in the First Year of Life, Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011: 1-9.

Pagana, K., Pagana, T. (2014) Mosby's Canadian Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory( fifth edition), 5th ed., Elsevier Canada, North York, Canada, pp. 1200

Norton, J.A., Shulman, N.R., Corash, L., Smith, R.L., Au, F., Rosenberg, S.A. (1978) Severe thrombocytopenia following intralesional BCG therapy, Cancer 41: 820-826.

Jensen, S.K., Jensen, T.M., Birk, N.M., Stensballe, L.G., Benn, C.S., Jensen, K.J., Pryds, O., Jeppesen, D.L., Nissen, T.N. (2020) Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination at birth and differential white blood cell count in infancy. A randomised clinical trial, Vaccine 38: 2449-2455.

Jensen, K.J., Larsen, N., Biering-Sørensen, S., Andersen, A., Eriksen, H.B., Monteiro, I., Hougaard, D., Aaby, P., Netea, M.G., Flanagan, K.L., Benn, C.S. (2015) Heterologous immunological effects of early BCG vaccination in low-birth-weight infants in Guinea-Bissau: a randomized-controlled trial, The Journal of Infectious Diseases 211: 956-967.

Birk, N.M., Nissen, T.N., Kjærgaard, J., Hartling, H.J., Thøstesen, L.M., Kofoed, P.E., Stensballe, L.G., Andersen, A., Pryds, O., Netea, M.G., Benn, C.S., Nielsen, S.D., Jeppesen, D.L. (2017) Effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth on T and B lymphocyte subsets: Results from a clinical randomized trial, Scientific Reports 7: 12398.